Recording and reproduction of pulsations or variations in sounds and other phenomena.



0. FRITTS, DECD. H- fRlTTS. ADMINISTRATRIX- RECORDING AND REPRODUCTION OF PULSATIONS 0R VARIATIONS IN SOUNDSAND OTHER PHENOMENA.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 22,1880.

Patented Oct. 31, 1916.

4 SHEITSSHEET I.

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i g: g v f C. E. FRITTS, DEC'D.

I. H. FRITTSI ADMINISTRATRJX.

RECORDINGAND REPRODUCTION OF PULSATIONS 0R VARIATIONS IN souwps AND OTHER PHENOMENA.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 22. I880- l,203,190. Patented Oct. 31,1916.

4-SHEETSSHEET 2.

c'. E. FRITTS, DECD.

.I. H. FRITTS. ADMI NISTRATRIX- PULSATIONS 0R VARIATlONS IN SOUNDS AND OTHER PHENOMENA.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 22, I880. 1,203.190. Patented Oct. 31,1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

RECORDING mb'nmonuc'nou or 7527266366," I I I Invaziw? c. E. FRITTS, DEC'D. 1. H. FRITTS, ADMINISTRATRIX. I RECORDING AND REPRODUCTION OF PULSATIONS 0R VARIATIONS IN SOUNDS AND OTHER PHENOMENA.

Patented 001-. 31,1916.

4 SHEETSSHEET 4.

jmflenzkr 4 6 6 924 APPLICATION FILED OCT. 22. I830.

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Specification Letters Patent;

' To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that '1, CHARLES EDGAR 7 Farms, 'a citizen of the United States, re siding atNew York city, in the county of '5 and State of New, York, have invented newand useful Improvements in the Recording and Reproduction of 'Pulsations or Varia- "tions in Sounds and other Phenomena, of which the follo'win is a specification.

' This invention re ates to recording variations or pulsations in sounds, light, or electrical currents, in *permafient or ,tangible form, and reproducing'the same at will, not merely at the instrument alone, but also at "'iafany other instrument suitably connected therewith-and not merely in their originah ,forms, but'also changed as'may desired. Several methods of recordin are herein "explained in' order to justify u'oad claim and any suitable method may liensed in con netion with the other parts ofiny system.-

The invention as described consists mainly" in the a plication of photography and elec- "-tricity or recording and reproducin such )5 variations and pulsations by the ai of a I' diaphragm or equivalent'device capable of vibrating under those influences and particularly under the influence of sounds, as 3 hereinafter fully set forth." I'have, there-- .30 fore, termed it. a 'photogphonographicapparatu's. V 3. Apparatus 'forfrecording and reproducing sounds, commonly called phonographs, are r not. new, butthey have been very impor 85 fict-the-practical difficulties; ,preventing either a perfect're'c'ord of thesounds or a ';E9rfect r eproduction of themlha'vmg been: sgherto nsurinountablfe; I havegtherefore', u ht'to dispense as far as poible with 4h "mec anical' methods and,in dealing withjsuch subtle and tangible phenomena; di'cha've devised a new method of .pro-i i and new'apparatus for carrying, out

h hIjclaim in this application f abl' ert and}control nc for'perforintions.

imfilondera le forcesn H iliav'e' ofithem minimum iorce' of im'wement, an

re 'exceedizibgly" littlefjorcej '1 thus 2 thin, results which? I I" 'movethem. I

{safer as'Ija n awarehaveznbvor' 7 obtained, as regards ease,

- ducing effects nium, whose ele to light,

utilize this action of radiant form in the path of the rays which falls uponit the illuminated port suitable device arranged the beam of light and which causes its motion.

' I have herei d QQQA-third mode of. action which IQutilize is the" Patented Oct. 31,1916,-

" Application fled October 22, 1880. Serial No. 19,818. i i

or accuracy, either in recording or reproducing sounds and similar phenomena.

Broadl speaking, my invention is based upon the aws governing the behavior of certain substances. when expo of radiant energy. The action of-actinic rays of light upon certain substances pro-- not be explained, as that metho utilizing esses may employed in the recording operations of m invention. Another mode of action of m iant energy is in changing electrical resistance, as shown by the action of light uponcertain substances}- ctrical con known to be gr.

'Amorphous phosphorus is sumlarly affected and other substances are known which inay be employed in like manner.

energy for suitably controlling and varying electrical currents in difl'erent ways, by arranging the sensitive current-controlling substance in a device of an elongated;

of light, and warm ng' the quantity of light by varying ion of it. Having made this conducting substance I p I trio/circuit,- and adapted thedevl'ce to-control the ,'ntensity currents owing through" 11;, I yary its, action upon. the couch byameans of a; across thepath pi movable lengthwise of the current-controlling device, who

it" will ex at tor or less of khe; current-controller to light, in "ac Certainty, rapidity,

sed to the action a known as photographic need radiant energy is well known and my inven notably sele-- ductivity is wellatly increased by exposure,

but preferably from the source the'length of a a part of an elec@ and direction of" the V tab cor ance with its own. movementaand, con; j

'sequent1y, withthe phenomenon or however, be convensubstances, causing have and th m to vibrate,

e4 resistance of] for the, purpose a i other ways of which'f rad t' ne 'gy' i actioniof lig'litupon, 1gb

illustrated "this a and Q thermal, and possibly 'others;'

{so to such influences,

i "part of myjin'vention as being carried out by throwing the light, after being properly 1: manipulated by my devices, upon thin plates 2 adapted 'to vibrate under the action of vary 5 ing light and made from suitable materials, especially ofhard'rubber. :This action of 'racliant energyis believed to be due to the t-her'mal rays of the light, as it is found to i be best produced by heat rays acting upon substances which are highly athermanous or absorbent of heat. -Any such substance may,

I of course, be utilized for this part of my process and If havev named several which -",maylbe'substituted for the hard-rubber; .15 plates or diaphragms. \Vhen the lntens'ityfof-flthe-ilight (orthernml rays) iscaused to v'ary', in accordance with the pulsations or soun d wavesiconstitutin a certain sound, gllt andi this.,- vary1ng light 1s thrown upon a V in-accordance with those changes in the actuating-force and consequently gives out sound correspondingto thosechanges 05 .pulsations As "a matter ofecourse, the

1 'stro'ngergthe, actuating influence is, the;

v greatenisf the" efiect' produced. I also I lmcrehse theefl'ect bvamDIifvm'g the record;

ed 'variation's' of wt e' original phenomena .lfiwhenj recording them. on -the negative, as

wherein 'fully s'ete forth, and then employ this *negati'vef' for" manipulating :j ;.{actuatingforce' before throwing it'upon the d'iaphra"gm orfother sensitive body. Such a gljiiegative .W ll, of course; produce more -3 inarked' andeffective variations inv'the light,

more powerfulvibrations inn sensitive substance exposed to its action; i

describing my'process; vI shall for conj weni'enc'e call the eife'ctive force light,

'gd althou gh I am aware that that term is not.

Strictly correct. lt is wellunderstood that what is generally known; as light is'm'ad'e up g "of rays or forces having 'iferen't propj erties, as, actinic, or -chemica% case 'ofthe photo metal selenium use s ict y aph image nd h my-rprocess,'-.it n t .\light rays for it"is ,known maybe produced by rays which uminous', although they ordinarily 'i accompany the j luminous rays ,in "light.

JnefllH-ftlI ll'fQlB by the word light? both i in}th1s specification and .in {the claims those. ,rays-,,forces, or forms-of energy which pro- I lduce the efiects, whatevertheir name or na 4 ture maybe and whether they are luminous 'r not, In-iIikeImanner'I incIude not only;v

-. the particular substances: named as sensitive known to be" their I I v equivalents *or, ha've I the g property of bstance," that. substance is caused th ig but the width of luminous ven n the correct. to say that the fifid f re; Y produced. by oithat they;

'arenct";

*but any others which. are

out my processwhich will show the'nature 1 of my invention; I vfirst utilize the phenomena which I wish to record in themselves varying a beam of light; and then throw thisvarying light upon a sensitive surface moved uniformly along in the ipath of the beam, thereby producing an impression or imagethereon, which I afterward. treat in 'any well known or suitable way to, render permanent and adapt it to reproduce the: i original phenomena:- For'instance, Icause a sound-which I wish'tofrecordto imping I upon a vibrating diaphragm"and-isorvibratel. a shutter-inaccordanpe with its. own' "ulsa; 'tions' or sound waves, ,This-shutter 1e ar ranged tovibra'te across a beam oflight and v interrupt or manipulate it, producing .va'ria 1" I tionsvdn the; light in vaccordance with the original sound waves or pulsations; 'Il1is vary ng lightl then throwiupon a suitably, prepared sensitive surface; and record-those variations upon it, as by photograph In order to secure a continuous record at these variations I confine the action of the "li ht to a veryflimited portion; of thesensitive surface, as'by means of aaslitted screen or partition, which sto s all light'exc'ept thatwhich passes throug the sl1t. vThis slit or opening is'of any suitable length preferred, w

it is very slight. Thus, at any given instant,-th'e light can reachonly l along and. very narrow section o 'r area of; the sens1tive surface Now, b"m0vi1'igthe -f1 latter alon uniformly past It eslit-in the direction o its width, succ'es 've' portions exposed to the'light coming through the 'slit and record the successive changes in they light, thus }producing a, negative or recordthereof in-t e form of, a} long, narrow strip. This negative I render permanent andadapt' tions as by making the parts actedfl onvbyi I scribed or may be used for treat; ing the negative which-I new term the pat tern, -Any phenomenon may be'thus re,-- corded which is icaplable of vibrating-the shutter or varying t which acts upon the sensitive surface to produce the recordgas' described, These phe= nomena may act directl on the vibrating f devices or se'nsitive su aces, or indirectly,

.or may the form of 'varymg electric currents which ways are are then utilizedfor vihrating theshutter-Q 1 or varying the oili'ght.

' showngin Figure 10, or automatically, as in Fig.5 35,-? ;.1.he latter',;is, ne'cessary,i however, whenever-"accuracy isi requlred; and to preyent' waste.of the-sens,1t1ve surface by movmg when nothing is to, be recorded, I employ- I. I will now describe a method of carrying y it tojr'eproduce similar pulsations orva'ria vlighttifan arentandt'heresto aque. Other e lighter other forc'e -be transmitted fromiany distance in" Y The sensitivesurfacei -maybeinovediby'- any suitable.l mannaith r; manually i-as' was w s-k ss s n devised which liberates the driving mechanism and I stops it again at the proper times thus feedbeamofilightpto vary" the resistance of elecing the strip along only when needed. If' utilize this pattern for reproducing. the pulsations or variations recorded thereon, in difiercnt ways, as by causing it to vary a 'trical conductors, to produce vibrations in an athermanous substance, or otherwise, as

may be preferred by the operator-for' all .of which I have givenfull and explicit instructions herein.

The following (escapees will illustrate one way inwhich this principle of my proc- 1 ess may be carriedout. Supposing that the;

image or form on the pattern is transparent,

and that the intensity or extent of the puls sations recorded thereby is shown by the a varying width of the image at different points, I arrange the light to shine through the slit as when making the pattern (the shutter being'now removed) and feed the! strip past the slit at the same speed as before. It is evident that the quantity oflight which can be,p'assed through the strip at any point of its length, as it ismovcd past the slit, is-governed by the width of the.

I transparent image at that point (as seen in Fig. 4, where 'm; represents the slit or 'open i ing through the partition), and that the. quantity "of light passing through it will,

therefore, be-varied precisely in accordance with the original pulsations or phenomenon which controlled the formation of thepat- 7 term If the original influence was every. ing electrical current, we now have a beam;

I" of light varying in the same way, and can reproduce the variations of the original cur-E rentby throwing this light upon a suitablecurrent controlling device, as 'a selenium cell, arranged in an elongated form like the slit, and varying its conductivity in proportion to the length of it which is exposed to,

light, by the varying width of the trans parent'portion of the pattern or strip, as

"already explained. As the width of the lighted up, a current will he sent through the circuit in one direction, and vice versa; and in either case the strength of the current will be governed by the amount of light transmitted by the pattern. Any desired variations can thus be producedin electrical currents by using a suitable pattern. These and, if desired, can be thererepeated and 15 it, and can simultaneously and similarly,

control them all. sent through a separate circuit to a difierent place or places, I can simultaneously reproduce the sounds or other phenomena re corded on the pattern at all of those places.

As each current can be I In using the pattern; I am not limited to one slit, as in making it, butI employ as many slits through the screen or partition as may be desirable, and, provide each slit with a selenium cell or other device for utilizing the light passing through the pattern at that point. It is evidentthat a given part of the pattern willpass before the successive slits at difi'erenttimes and that the greater the distance between two slits, the

longer the time it will take the pattern to" pass over oneto thmother. I employ the successive slits with their selenium ccllsfor extending thflfllfill over which sound can be heard- -for example,- by p'roducingthe sound first at the instrument, by the light from one cell; then I utilize the light from the next 1 'cell (when the given part of thepattern "reaches it) to send a corresponding current to a sound-producing device at'a point where the original sound has-become weakenedliy passing through the air; and in like manner I i'einforcethis fresh sound "at a proper distance farthernn, by a current from thethird slit and cell, and soon, through as many i stages as desirable, I adjust the distance. between the slits so that the time occupied by. the. pattern in passing from one slit to the r transparent part before-the slit increases 7 more light will pass, a greater length of the selenium will be illuminated by it, its convBil ductivity will be correspondingly increased I and a stronger currentwill-be'allowed to' flow through it and through the circuit of from passing hrou 554mm thelight'is'entirely (an off from the which'it forms a portion-and vice versa.

selenium, .its resistance is so-great that the: currentis (or may bejpvhollynpreventcdi.

h it; ,Tfhus'the pattern:

a can produce intermittent or undulating cur upon it. currents,

rents corresponding to'the curvesor forms;

:-. order t pr duw e as g I amnga the' selenium we parts or, sections, each-sectionadapted, to

z send whateverpenetrates itthrough ,1 the circuit in a positive-dlrectlom the-L- pattern allows one to I a d rent arriye's at the latter point and produces next will be the same as that occupied by the sound produced at one stage to pass through the air to the next. By this means, the icur the sound.'atthe same instant that the original sound is heard there, and the twocom-- bine without interference. In this -way,-'I

repeat thesound from stageto stage in any directionorTin' 'all 'directions at thesame time-..- ,1 l

'Many other improvements 'are fully de: scribed hemin.

its main features i the methods which maybe employed for V Ha ving thus givcna general referenceto the natune' of my invention and indicated ll nowdescribe indecarrying it out and apparatusen forms .in.

' illustrate the invention herein?c la 1.iinetl -v each figure representing as much oftlie'a riparatus .as is required for explaining or of the thereby. I

' In these drawings Fig. :1 ,is'- 'a"'diagram- .matic View illustrating the defective result oi attempting to, produce a -phonograph record by-indenting the blank. Fig. 2 v is an edge "View of'a'speaking diaphragm having a shutter mounted thereon such as may be [used in carrying out my invention, Fig. "3

is a view partly broken away. showing a speaking diaphragm carrying ,a shutter, a source of light and a roller carrying a sensitivefstrip exposed to light through an opening controlled by said"shutter Fig. 4

understanding the; principles and operation? parts intended. to be illustratedu fof lightopenings for a single strip-with "shownin Fig. 7; Fig. 20 is a sectional view '65 4 of an apparatus having a mirror on thei {speaking diaphragm for reflecting light to.

Fig. 21 is; a. sectional view of an apparatus which may be used the record surface.

either for making or utilizing the record. Fig. 22 is a view more in detail of a plural-' "=.---ity'o'f means for utilizing a single-record as shownin' Fig. 15. Fig. 23 showsa plurality means for adjusting their relations or tha ing. Fig. 24 is a'similar view of a modified 5':

const'ruction'f.- v Fig. 25 is a plan View of a" disk record having thephotographic .im-

ralrecord rthereon. Fig.- 27 is another form 0f{ record having thereon asingle circular pattern. Fig. 28 isst illanother form show- *ing separate parallel patterns. Fig. 29 is a -'-="sectional 'vie\ v of an apparatus for taking-$5 and reproducing the; record having a lens.

- .for concentrating. the light upon the strip.

Fig. 30 is a. View of a divided shutter and, two selenium bars for producingaltern ating" I current. Fig. 31sho'ws a modified form 015 .90. -.divided shutter mounted, as -a key. Fig.32 1

shows at theleft a plan view-of the sensitive strip and rollers and. at right. an, enlargedv -plan' view-of a portion of the-strlpxhaving'.

the photographic recordthereon. Fig. 5] showsltwo forms of shuttermounted on dia- 'phragms which may be used in 'carryingout 80 my invention.'-- Figlfij isa'plan viewof a strip havingf thereon a sinuous record ..pro-' duced by the shutter shown 5.; Fig.1.?

7 shows two additional formsoi shutters which may he used. Fig. 8 shows the formiy of record produced by the shutterlshown iii} 5 Fig. 7. Fig. 9 shows azseriesfioff shutter mounted acrossl.- the, diaphragm-.xwitb edgesmeeting or overlapping-2,.FigIg-flO'; is' vertical sectional view of one. formTof-ap or pattern and moving it' along-byhand:

paratus arranged formakin'g the negative';

circuit having a seleniuni'bar th rein adapt-Q. ed to be affected by light fromfmyrecOrd. I

Fig. 1-3 is-a similar view showing-a. .flatf I "selenium cell with a lens .for, concentrating the light from the record on it. Fig. 14' is a'planyiew-of a partitionhiaving a series .of light'openingsporslits therein for. taking light vfrom diflerent parts .of. 'the ..re'cord.f

- Fig. 15 shows a record-strip across a-seriesof lightopenings anda plurality of means 1 isa wiew of another arran ement. 'Fig 'j33f isfisimilar tqfFig. 18 showing" the electrical.

"connections more clearly. jFig." 34-.is,a;1aia;. LE, grarnmaticgview showing; means for prod'uc-, mg; transmitting 'and' repeating electrical impulses through several successive/[stages circuits.-- Fig. 351$ a sectional view .of anT- apparatus for .rec'eiving'a message sent over; theTllin'e including automatic starting andstopping mechanism 'for the receiving strips. Fig. 36 i'sadetail'view of aportion ofnthe apparatus" disclosed in Fig. 10' but morev in detail zshowing".'more-' clearly the arrange-' ment and connection of the'parts. f. Fig.39 -is a 1lio'rizontal section on 'the' line M l; Fig. 1 I 0' 138.. Fig. '40 islamore complete detail view of thejarrangement illustrated in Fig. 15f

Fig. 411 shows means for adjustably .mounte v stopping mechanism." 37jis a sectionaL. X}

view of an-a'p'paratus adapted to strengthen-- 3 .glightpulsationswhichare;recorded or reproduced. Fig. 38. is a general viewof the:

ingthe lens in itsrelation to the slit'orjlight 1 opening. faisimilanview show- .115 im; several lenses and slits- I iga 43 shows I a series oflenses each being-separatelyad. j'ustableg Fig. igxshow's' the means .for

mounting and joperatingthe diaphragm,

carrying the shutter in Fig. 38. .Fig. 45 120,. .a p rspective viewxof the-doors. for theapparatus shown in Fig.1. 38. f- Fig. .46, shows.

'the-arran t nd connection of partsfor receiving' :a I incoming message'.'. Fig. ,4! i

- for utilizing or, transmitting said record; Fig. 16 shows the photographic pattern pro? 'duced' by a succession of separate exposures.

Fig. 1 7 is! similar vieytmade by using a. GO-modified folfl'lr qffshutter; -Fig.- 18 shows two'selenium ce 1's arranged ion exposure 3 shows the "arrangement of parts-fofoper through a single opening to produce alter atingl the star ngundistopping natin current.- Fig.1}! shows a record suchlut e receivingstation by means-4M a Fig; .48 is". a-; vie partlycin i Produced; by -9 9 t r naosnoo V section of motor "operated for moving the record strip. Fig. 49 is a detail sectional view of one of the reels carrying discrepancy will he aggravated by the stifl the strip. Fig. 50 is' a view of "a reel looking fronrone end. Fig. 51-isa similar view looking from the other end. p For convenience of description I will call my apparatus aphonograph, but I expressly declare that I do not intend thereby to limit thmscopeof my invention to what is com- 'monly known as ordone by the so-called phonogr'aphs, or to narrow. or restrict the scope of the invention in any way, but use the term merel for convenience. I

The great troub e withphonographs heretofore is that theyhave undertaken to re- .cord and reproduce delicate air pulsations soun t any point by mechanicalmeans. Inthe first (place, the diaphragm as heretofore arrange cannot waves, nor even the actual mode of vibration of a 'free diaphragm under the influence of the sound pulsations. The vi brations of the recording point or tracer, in the center of the diaphragm, do not truly represent the vibration of the diaphragm at except at the center. And while it is practically sufficient for ordinar purposes, for other urposes it would. sirable to record t e vibrationsiof the other parts of the diaphra with their changmg 11 al points an points of maximum motion. This I'accomplish by independent sectional shutters attached to diiferent parts of the diaphragm each of which makes its separate record of the vibrations of the part to which it is attached, or otherwise. But

' even if the vibration of the center of the diaphragm truly represented the sound itself, but

waves, it would be impossible for it to truly record them because the metal point thereto attached is hindered in its vibrations by the labor of impressing its motion in the foil or. other material used in its place. This resistance not-only retards the diaphragm it retards'it in a very 'varia le manner. When the tracer point reaches a 1 80a, .thin or unsup Oran spot in the foil,

it moves farther t an the average, whlle thick or hard spots, etc., reduce the motion below the average. A- score of other faults could be mentioned, but the most important dotted line b 6 represents is that when the point is descendm the pressure of the foil against its incline forward surface retards'the motion of the but Y when ascending it hastens is will be understood by examining 1, where a is the tracer point, with its cut surface inclined backward to prevent clo 'ng. The

l the original level of the foil which'is fed aim in the direction of the arrow andjthe so (1 curved line.

' wave,

tion or the spring of the tracer and many speaking nose with which does not possibly record the true form of the 'actly as it occurred.

deaperture to strike the diaphragm, the true ing shows theactual form of a supposed sound to while the dotted curve shows the form' which the point will tend to make-and this ness of the foil, the weakness of the vibraother causes. As the perfection -of the which the natural sound waves it is evident that a. method record the correct form of a single one of the sound wavesout of the hundreds or thousands are reproduced,

hear, cannot possibly reproduce correctly the original sounds. "All these difliculties I obviate by dispensing entirely with the tracer and its spring and the foil or any substitute for it; or any mechanical ressure devices whatever, for recording t e sound-waves tangibly and employ means for recording depends entirely upon the exactwhich occur .in each second of time. to produce the sounds we the vibrations of the diaphragm which a neither retard nor accelerate them, but will trul record the most extreme and violent or t e gentlest pulsations and every one ex- This I do by causing as it vibrates to vary the 'ght which passes through an a surface sensitive to light'by which the sound waves are fixed and recorded. No matter how many or how difthe diaphra quantity of fcrent the sounds which have joined in producing composite sound waves, which and form of'every one of themwill thus be plreserved unchanged by the process of recor ing'. This record I call the negative and from it I can reproduce copies or tensity,

number, ma duplicates in the same or other materials and can use it or them for the reproduction of the sounds recorded thereon. Ialso 1n the same way record any other phenomena influences capable of moving the diaphragm. In the'second place, even ifthe foil or matrix usually employed has been-she electric currents, and othe'r j V pad exactly corresponding to the sound waves, 7 1

' it would be impossible to exactly reproduce those sound -waves by movmg the curved surface under a point. attached to the sound. producing or speaking diaphragm and causthe latter to vibrate, as is usually done, for several reasons; and even if it cou1d the excessive pressure of the point on the rising sides and tops of the curves soon wears them and changes their shapes from the true curves. No material now. used could stand such use without being rapidly worn shape and destroyed. Moreover, the e1? treme rapidity of the vibrations renders it impossible to; perfectly perform any mechanical movement, 13. a, to. apply site directions by mcchanicaldevices with out of and ifthey are thrown upon the diaphragm,-

" plish the same end'bythe slow motion of;

- aijsingle piece or negative and cruising that to control the action of'a beamof'light. di' rectejd upon the diaphragm. I I

insteadfof the light beam passing through a transparent-negative it; may be thrown such rapidity and precision asis hereneces- The great desideratum is, wherever in making or finishing any of the parts,.but to avoid merely mechanical devices entirely, and to provide means by which as much as possible'of the work may be performed by the perfect-acting, unwearing,

' and swift-moving forces of nature; I, therefore, operate the diaphragm by throwing upon it light whose intensity is varied correspondingly with theform of our sound I is.

speed as. when making thednegativ it is "evident that'the original variations the intensity of the light. are exactly reproduced II I I I I I heard togeth'er if the ear was substituted in the place of the diaphragm and the. promi-.

"nences [of the transparent part represent.

Waves as "described, which, as is known,

.. causes a; diaphragm to vibrate and produce the sounds corresponding tothose waves. This I accomplish by passing a powerful beamof light through the negative I have .before,.prepared, to' and upon the dia-.. phragm. .Thislight passes. through a nar- 20 row slit corresponding to the onez used making the negative, "and by moving the negative along behind this slit at the same it. will give out the. same sound as that I which originally caused it to vibrat'e.- Thus,-

instead of-trylng. to shove thediaphragm 0 back and iforth'bymachinery "some hundredsor thousands of times per second, at

a constantly-varying speed, and making.

' each; lmotion exactly according to; a' prescribed pattern, each one of which may be diflerent'from an ofthe others, I- accomupon anlopaque'negative and the imagelof the pattern be reflected therefrom and utilized, or .theintensity of, the. light thrown upon the diaphragm may be automatically I varied by the negative ill-many other ways.

. In m'akingthe negatives, the sound to be I recorded is caused to impinge upon a-vibratin'g diaphragm, 'which is properly damped and arranged, as will be readily understood by those versed in telephony.

To the center of the diaphragm" d,1Fig,,.2,;- is fixed a vertical .Screen-orsliiitter 8I ofmica or other light and stilf-materiafbeing attachedby its 'center and the outer. corners rounded off a little to'preve'nt their-contactwith the diaphragm. during Iitsbackward v 1brations, or .to the left. It-p ro ects out at right angles to the plane of the diaphragm and is 7 made opaque to preventv the passage of any light through it. I

Fig. 3 i s;a,.vertical' plan view; a is they shutter, d' the diaphragm',-'Z -is a powerful light throwing a beam of nearly paralleL having su as in sounds.

.rays across partition" S,-which hasa long-narrow slit min it, throughwhich the light passes and strikes the prepared surface, Which-in this case is represented as r 1 a strip of. sensitized paper, fed at a regular speed over ftherollers R R. As the diaphragm shutter a normally stands, its'edge shuts the light oil from one half-of the slit,

and in vibrating it "coversup more or less; I

by the light, and 'e, which -'is acted upon;

and by properl treatment the-lattermayrbe dissolved away ext-otherwise made transparent in any ,well known way, as will be at once understood by photographers. This, curve or ]unct10n line, of course, represents theinotion of vibrationof the center. of the diaphragm-under the action of the sound waves .or pulsations of the air.- The forms I I of these waves as" iswell known, are the resultant ofall the sounds whichwouldbe surface from each oth r,'wecan, increase the .condensationsoftheiair'at Lthinstantsthat. those parts fofthe strip were behind the slit apparent hmplitude'o the sound waves as recorded. on the sensit ve surface, without changing their forms; For example, if we move the light-from l to 'l' in Fig. 3 at halfits former distance from" the shutter s or arrange the strip-twice. as far from the shutter, we shall doubleth'e amplitude of the curves on the strip produced by the vibratlons of-the slmtter, In the same way, we

can amplify the recorded vibrations in any- .othe'r proportion desired, and the greater that amplitude is the more powerful will be the efiect of the negative orpattern when 7 employe'diinf' reproducing phenomena recordedthereon. And it must be understood thatfindall cases the relativedistances of' 'tl e parts areto be minute vibrations I o ,the diaphragm and ch as will enable the shutter to 1produce-upon the recordc'urves cient amplitude for Workingpurposes. This method-ofamplifying the vibrations, is often important and canbe applied for strengthening plusa'tions or variations inflight or electrical currents as well I would here remark that. the diaphragmand shutter may be caused to viblzate-not'only by the direct impact of I sound pulsations, a s 'before described, but

' tuate the shutter or device which also by other means, as by magnetic attr aetion connection with ivibrating bodies and the like; This is illustrated in F 21 and 37, which show the combination my telephone and the phonograph,-as fully hereinafter described; My apparatus is capable of recording anyphenomena which canacvaries the beam of light,-and that device may, of

course, be actuated in any suitable manner, as will be in the precise manner described.

Instead of a shutter manipulating the 7 light rays we may use a plane mirror attached to the center of the diaphragm and place the light in front-but a little'to one side; the light beam will be reflected to the other side of'the center, or normal, as seen in 20, where the light from Z is properly directed ,upon the mirror and reflected.

through the tube and the slit m upon the strip Now, when the diaphragm vibrates the spotof light, it will also change its position, and the amplitude of its vibrations will i be greatly. increased by the angle between the light and the central line or axis of the mirror. The amplitudeof the curves can.

' also be increased to an making no" extent by remov ing the strip P to a suitable distance from the mirror as described with the shutter. But I prefer the way beforedescribe'd for atives for this purpose, although any suitab e method may, of course be used which will. accurately record 'the forms of the sound waves upon the negative-ivhich is the object sought.

If, instead'of an op ue shutter on the diaphragm, we have a vertical transparent strip across said shutter, the light paperstrip behind the screen onl through the intersection of the two slits in rout of it, formin merely a square spot of light, as shown y Fig. 5 at the intersection of the two slits n and -m. The vertical slit on the mica should make the light beam of about. the same width as the stationary horizontal slit in the screen. As the diaphragm 1 1 brates and the paper-is moved along, we

will reach the produce (after dissolving out the parts exstrip, as represented in Fig. 6. Instead of posed to light, blocking the rest,soaking in oil. or otherwise rendering it transparent) a narrow, transparent curve on the paper the vertical strip, we may use a transparent spot at the point which will. fall on the" center of the stationary slit when the diaphragm/is stilt, as seen at n on the upper shutter shown in Fig. 5. This also makes stationary and parallel to but is to have two shutters,

a negative strip, like Fig. 6. Another way one 'on the diaand the bthcr not touching it. These shutteis are painted, or otherwise treatedto make them no aque up teaser-1 tain point, the rest aeiugtransparent.

phragm, as before, 'only'larger,

iwhich is shown enlarged These opaque es are notched so that at their jlmct on they lap so as to form square 'or diamond spaces which are transparent, as in Fig. '7, where"? is the vibratingshutter and s'. is the stationary one.. In this case, the slit in the screen before the paper strip is placedpast it horizontally.

vertically and the paper is fed Consequently, as the movable shutter 3 1s vibrated toand fro be- I fore the other, these transparent squares or.

diamonds become alternately larger and smaller. But they should not quite meet nor. be quite extinguished even by the greatest vibrations of the to produce transparent diaphragm. The result is narrow beam of light is sent through it, it .will be more or less obscured at difi'erent places along the strip, 13. e., the quantity of light allowed by the transparent parts of on the opaque negative strip lines of varying width, one of in Fig. 8... If a the strip to pass through the ,slit will be increased or decreased corresponding exactly the diaphragm (or the only in number and into the pulsations of sound waves) not tensity, but also in the vibrating. At i the middle transparent s'trip. ThlS is made bg' placing a fine wire. across t e stationary. slit m to stop-the light and indicate the center of form or manner of is seen a fine opaquefline in;

the negative strip.

the center of l Its convenience will be manifest. In practice, necessary nection with the vibrating notched as seen by the lower figure in Fig.- shows how the lateral vibration o shutter, 7 which the stationary notched shutter s is not 1 as the slit m is suificient incorv the shutterwith its transparent notch will vary the .j

amount'of light passing tionary' slit m.

TWhen desired'to copy through the sta- 10s a the pulsations of.

the diaphragm with the greatest possible exactness. and completeness, should be divided or sectional, and each sec tion may be notched like the lower shutter.

produce on the negative in Fig. 7. and will the shutter its own independent bulbous record like that shown in Fig. course aged in this instance be some overlappin of records.

In ig.

8, although there .willjof. 1

1 .2115 9 d isthe diaphraglmfi isthe; 1 shutter at its center and? and 4 areothe'r small shutters attached to difierent parts of the diaphragm. ..,Each shutter having its own slit m and producing its'own individual record or pattern strip as already'explained for the-single shuttexgfeach one make its own wave or record of thevilirations of that part of the diaphragm to which l s i I ranged as described for shutter S, would it was attached and all-of them'would thus show the movements across the whole diaphragm, and the relatiye times and posiis evident that the action of l the diaphragm will be correctly recorded their forms.

on the negative and. as the nodal points change from one section to another, as different sounds act on the diaphragm, so will the bulbous lines on the negative change Andwhen they are in turn caused to" var the light thrown upon a speaking diap ,I'agmD, Fi 10, they will reproduce. the original pu sations of diaphragm d with its varying nodal points and will'correspond more closely to the originalthan would be the case if only the vibrations .of the center of the diaphragm were recorded on the negative. The shutters are easily attached to the dia hra by their centers'and bein inclined s like the slats o a window ind similarly to the closed slats of a window blind, their edges will lap -without touching each other.

. is once obtained It is evident that when a correct negative Iperfect copies can be pro duced not only y photographic, but also by ordinary printing processes, or even by mechanical means at a merely nominal cost, even for the most elaborate negatives.

2 Having thus explained the principles of my invention,

Fig. 10, represents an ap-l.

paratus which "I have devised for carrying out my method arranged .more particularly I a roll'o tenal which may for malgnlg negativesor patterns. At A is t e prelilared negative strip woundv upon a bobbin w ich is-mounted' in journal bearings in any convenient way. This stri'p may be of any suitable thin'and flexible inabe strong fine paper, but I prefer what isknown as 'aper parchment, althou h many other 'su stances may be used. t should be covered with a thin.film" made very sensitive to lig ht by any of the the strip. It also fits-between the instantaneous processes employed in tography, although a dry process wil most convenient with After being properl it should be careful y protected from light ho: be this form of negative.- coated and sensitized dried-, rolled up, and or damp until ready.

' to use it. It may 'be thus coated and seen sitized either before or after being cut up into strips of widthsuitable for use, but in the" latter case,-care must be taken in the cutting not to film to the strip A suitable width is 1/2 or 3/4-inch and the. length will, of course, be governed by convenience or the choice of the operator.

The roll A is by the spring '1 to prevent it from turningfaster th strip is needed. vFromi A the strip passes; 'over the flanged rollers R R, Figs. 3,4 and 10; at R.' is a rubber-faced roller which presses the paper strip -between itself and R free to turn, held only an the tightly enough' toprevent the sligping of ng es of If desired,

upon it. [To this roller can be power which feeds the strip along before the For ex- I may be attached ight y somewhat 1 thus fed along at gelatino disturb the adhesion of the riations' 1n the first I 'neoaieo the roller. enough to carry that along with it.

roller A to exist in rewinding the strip slit m in the screen or partition it can also press lightly onthe.

applied the.

pernnent or common telegraphic purposes [a crank may be attached to the rollerR' orv R,

as shown in Fig. 10, or the strip may be,

otherwise fed by hand. But when accuracy is re uired, some motor should be em loyed n'hic 1 will give'the negative a erfect y uniform andknownrate of sp -'-These are form no part of my invention. The motor or frame of the not new and need not be described,as they. I

to or contained in thejbox;

honograph or otherwise.

connected as pre erred." The strip being a uniform speed it is wound upon a second roller A'or ma simor case of the t te varying light. It will'nowremain unc auged'ii kept from light'and dam for days or even weeks, or, on the other and,

it may be at once developed, intensified, Y

make a negative strip having the characteristics reqnredand will probably prefer the romid process. If the-paper seems greasynature, it may, before'apto have a to the process: esired. All of plying bromid emulsion, be coated with four per cent. solution of white of e togive it aslight bluish tinge;- This will indiflerent ways. The parts acted upon by which suflicient chrome-alum has been a ded.

sure the film adhering lFerfectlyJ But-it will seldom be r uiredood quality of. paper or' are ent is use strips being fi they may be treated and used blacked and rendered more oplaque and the I strip usedby transmitting lig or the strip may be left opaque and used by reflected light in ed up Forexa nple, a'stripl to be parts lackedwith car Which'case the parts acton by light should be made as white or brilliant, and those'not acted upon as black and absorbent of light. as possible, all of which cah be done by anyone .out oi man'y' Well known ways, and detailed directions are Knot. necessary. fused b transmitted Ii ht ma pressing upon it sufliciently t through it;

edark' g flexible black"- varnish, ,or' otherwise; and the lights ren-f ,dered tran arent by dipping in castor oil 01. The finished,

hog-f1 origina va-- 1am is ply be fed loosely into the bottom of t e boxy phonograph after exposure to beamof light, by fcedingthe strip before the-slit m at the same speed as when making the negative and throwing the beam of light through it as it passes the slit. To do this, the diaphragm (l with its shutter is rc moved-the upright frame which holds it being arranged to slide ona' foot-piece which tits in grooves so that itmay, he slid into its place for use, or moved back out of the way, asdesired.

'Fig. 21 is a horizontal sectional or plan view of the apparatus (arranged for reproducing the sounds or phenomena recorded in the negative or pattern), and shows the shutter and diaphragm carried on the same frame or base as the telephone E], which slides in grooves in the, pieces t t, and the dotted lines show the position of the. base when slid haclE-fa r enough to get the shutter out of the way for our present purposes, but not admitting any light to the interior of the apparatus. The mouth-piece is,

of course, closed when thus utilizing the" negative. The square chamber which contained the diaphragm isnow empty or free and allows the light] to shine unobstructed across it to and through the slit monto and,

through the strip whichis rapidly fed before it.- "wlwreby the light which passes through the strip is varied in precisely the samemauner as the original beam of light was varied by the shutter on the diaphragm (l, i. 0.,thc greater the proportion of the strip which is transparent, the longer the beam of'light which is passed through it,

andvice versa (see Fig. i). This lightrannow be used to produce corresponding variat-ions or pulsations in sound.clee tric currents, magnetic fltt|':1 (tlulii-,' etc... as desired. ecan'b rcconvert this vary ng light into sounds in, different-ways. It may be passed 7 through a piano-convex or, rather, pianocylindrical lens 1), Fig. 10, or any suitable opt cal devices to widen and disperse 'it proper and be thrown directlyupona thin hard-rubber diaphragm D properly ar ranged-for speaking or giving out sounds. Or. in place of theleus p a selenium bar or cell may be arranged to receive the light and thereby vary a current of electricity flowing through it, as shown at p in Fig. 21, which current may then he conducted tonne of my telephones (describml herein) which i is substituted for the diaphragm Daud the soimdswill be produced by it with any desired loudness, or the current may be eonducted by wire to any otherinstrument or -place-in the same way as m telegraphy and I there converted intosounds or utilized for any othcrf purposes. as in Fig.'-21. where a current from D is represented as conveyed to a telephone T at oneplace and to an electrical' receiver iniauy suitable kind El at another place.

when selenium is used for receiving the light and varying an electric current, it may .be either in the shape of a bar p covering the slit m, as shown in Figs. 12 and 21, or that of ailat cell 1) in F i".--13, where the light passing through the negative or pattern l) and the slit m is converged by the lens 7; to a focus, upon the selenium cell 71. thy-for producing an intermittent current it may consist of tw'o selenium cells or bars suitably arranged as shown in Fig. 18. The same arrangement is used in connection with patterns like Figs. 4, 8 and 17 for producing alternating currents or undulating currents of alternately opposite polarity. The two cells are arranged end to end with their approximating ends at the central line 2 of the pattern strip'so that one cell or bar is opposite one half of the slit m and the other bar' or cellopposite the other half. Each cell is arranged to send whatever cur; rent flows through it' in a direction opposite to that of the current from the other cell, in any well-known or suitable manner and each may. be supplied with its current from different ends-or sections, of the same battery or from separate batteries, as shown in Figs. 30 and 33, where the two sections of the selenium are inserted in derived circuits or branches of themain circuit w n. In either case, the electric current is ar-- "ranged to flow through the selenium by proper. conducting wires and the varying quantity of light which falls upon the selenium will correspondingly vary thecurrent flowing through it, as is well known to electricians. v

A strip or pattcrn, like fl igl'z' thus employed, will produce an alternating current, base changes of strength and polarity will be sudden or instantaneous--for each section of the cell will-be at once lighted for. the

' by a divisional shutter on the diaphragm, as shown in Fig. 30. In using such 'a shdtter.

to produce negatives, it should be arranged so that the ccntralvcrtical line or division of I 120 j the shutterwill fall on the central line of theslit-m, which should also be made pref? erahly in two partsin difi'e1'ent' 'planes..as

shown by the position of r and r in Fi s.

30 or 31. \Vhen arranged as in Fig.

fthelight and the part i" oi the slit and s 3D, the opaque part a of theshutter stands betweeneoversup theslitr, as will be understood I ,from Fig. 32, wher the parts .are:so.ar-

ranged'. Now,,.whenithe shutter vibrates to the right,-s' uncovers more or less'of slit 1",

i and when moving to the left, part r'of the slit is similarly exposed by the removal of a. The sensitive surface being fed down past the slit, a pattern is produced like Fig.

' ter and,therefc-re, of the force which moved cit-the principle involved in making and .finished) a sectiona selenium cell behind it with each 4 4 or 8 but with the two halves independent,

' dissimilar,each correspond-J and possibly, ing to the movements of its own half of the shutter, By now moving this ast the slit again a ter arranging section of the selenium behind the corresponding section of the cell and the shutter begrcifg now moved back out of the way) we pr uce alternating-currents whose variations in strength andolarity will corre-.

spond to the original vi rations of the shutusing the attern being precisely the same as already that the methodof constructing selenium cells is nowwellunderstood and any known er suitable method orarrangement may be oncurved. -When the quired to be very-narrow in order to savev then be fed along employed. The negative may, of. course, be taken on glassinstead of Eager and arranged to be properly moved e ore the slit and light, Any suitable material may be used, whether transparentor opaque,

flexible or-rigid, plane negative strip is reroom instead of the light falling. directly upon 1t, the varying light beam may be received upon a lens and converged to the desired size before being thrown upon-the sensitive surface The negative in-Fi 10 would at D instead "and m. Or, in ig..13, the negative would 'b eat p while-receiving the photographic and isconverged 'Asthe'interior of the c v masked, as alread stated, it absorbs perfluous light an improves theefl'ect.

.' light produced by impression. Fig. 29 illustrates this arrange 'ment." The light from Z, after being vaned by the shutter 8, passes through the slit in arrangement may be.used with a speaking suitable device subam'era is thorou hly alfsu- -When using an opaque strip 'or ne tive the sound waves or, rather the variatgiisof produce those variations the. strip is fed 'along 1 with theprinted or 'formerlysensitive' side outward in the path of a which it is powerfully illuminated and-the light reflected from it is utilized instead of transmitted light. Fig. 11-shows anvarran e- I- ment which may be employed. Z is the H t' -wh1ch=passes through i l-.2

the alum-water ce through the .tube3 and illuminates the inov;

IIIgstrlFOEPatteHi 4'or P. 5 is a tube with blackened interior, each-end having an'aper-i "i':. .I I

attern (when suflicient to thoroughly escribed. I would here remarkto enable any between p by'the lens p'and then fallsupon the negat ve P. Ofcourse, the same diaphragm D oiother stituted for thenegative or sensitive surface.

. themare recorded in the same wayas already'described. Butito re, 1

as in Fig. .26..

"around, it wi ture corres r ding to the slit m which would Y be used witli 4 .recte d toward the strip that on] the light from that part ofthe strip whic wouldbe a transparent pattern and so di-,

covered by the slit m can Bass through both "aperturesall of whlch wi be readily understood b photographers. This light is then receive by the lens or other su table optil cal device p and properly thrown upon the dia hragm D as before. The lens 1) ma be rep need by the selenium bar or cell an the diaphragm D by one of my telephones, etc, exactly as before described for transmitted light. The distance of the illuminating ar- I rangement from the negative strip is merely light up the field covered bythe tube 5. Tubes 3 and 5 ma be of any suitable size, length,-and materia all of which may be leftto the judgment'of the operator, who should arrange the apparatus according to good photographic practice.

By following the directions herein given nothing more than good judgmentis needed attain perfect success either in making negatives by my method for any desired purpose, or in practically using them afterward.

one skilled in" photographyto Instead of a negative arranged as before described, it may be made alike across ts ---whole. width and its transparency varied so as to be more, or" less opaque .at difi'erent parts of its length. Or an opaque strip may be similarly varied from white-through all the shades to black so that a given crosssection of the strip will reflect more or less light at different points.

varying intensity of the light instead of by varying the length of the cell exposed to Such strips will light up the whole length of the selenium or; other device allthe time and operateby the.

light. Or the strip can be so prepared as to 'show analogous gradations of phosphorescence, when, suitably treated,-and throw out a light of greater or less strength-"corra I beam of sponding to thejvariationsin'the light originally employed n making the the objectand function of the'negative or graphic and other reasons, I prefer that the negative be made as before described, with the different portions entirely distinct and with the part thatis transparent Or white made-astrinsparent or white as possible, .and -that part whichis' opaque .or black;

made as stronglyfso' as practicable. Thepati terny be made .upon a long narrow strip, as'described, or arrangedsspirally over. the

Y negativewhereby it. will befe'nabledto repro-v 1 du'ce those variations at any time, which-1s surface of a plate, as in Fig. 25, or a cylinv der of any suitable size, shape'and material, 7

By making it in a; circular form, as in Fi 28,-andrunning it .2 18d 'contin e to' repeat'the same Y sound, word. or phrase, as long as it is fastened together.

instead of the hm'd-rubluir diaphragm l) one of celluloid may be used, also'soft vol-,

canized rubber, thin elastic brass, and Ger man silver. and other materials winch are capable of being vibrated or acted upon, as

deia-rilwd. when properly exposed to the varying light or other rays. The diaphragm 1.! maybe. made of any of the materials used in telephony. which are. suitable for the employment to be made of it in this prmess.

The light employed for mulling tho negm. live should be strongly actinic and may be direct sunlight or electric or other artificial light having sullicicnt actinie power for instaniaumus photography. It should be arranged in a chamber W, preferably with a reflector or other means for making the rays nearly parallel. i. c., into alieam suitable aathe purposes of thisinventiou, and only this; beam should he admitted to the. diaphragm l'lltlllllkfl'. The. rays may proceed directly from 1 (Figs; 3 and 10) as a luminous ceu'. ter. or they maybe brought to a focus at any point betweeifl and the shutter 8. as seen in Fig. 3., where land I represent two such l'oci with the method of amplifying the elieets produced by the vibrating: shutter the luminous center or focus being advanced nearer to the shutter until the desired am phticatiou is elicited. Tlieellect is practirally the same. whether a. luminous point is1 placed at l or a beam of rays is'brought to a focus there and diverse thence suliieicntly to cover the slit or slits m through the part'ition S of the diaphragm chamber. At 2,

Fig. 1H.- they pass through a glass cell filled with alum water to stop the heat without diminishing the light. They then pass through an aperture of suitable size across the dlaphiagm chamber where they are manipulated by the shutter a and through the slit m,-as already described. For using the negative so strongna light will not always be healed and a good kerosene lamp will-an swer for most ordinary purposes. 'Ga's light is not suitable unless a steady flame can be obtained, as a flicherin light will interfere with the perfection o thespealzing. For IIIII'MISLPS. requiring accuracy, however, a

light. should be used having ample actinic power and thestronger the better. No harm 'use can be done by'having a light unnccemirily strong, as it can not be strong enough to do any harm, although proper care must, of

rourwihe tuken when the alum-water cell is not used to avoid the injury of the pattern or other device by the'hentrays maintained in v 53 as light. And I we p regard to the alum-water cc 1 or .its'cquivalentthat, although not essential, its use will generally be found advantageous in making a photographic pattern and in using :1 mttcrn in connection with selenunn cells. lot

when other substances or devices are used which a re sensitive to other forms of radiant energy.- as use may he needless and ever. ob-

jectiouable as stopping; the very kind. of

radiant force which acts upon the sensitive substance or device. It should. therefore, not be used in connection with a hard-rubber speaking diaphragm or in other cases where the heat rays are the acting force concerned. ]t is also found by experiment that the ellect is improved by using a mirror or reflector instead of the lens p,-Figs. 10 and 11, when light can penetrate the partitions around it except through the cell 2. The diaphragm chamber is also incloscd on all sides except theone facing the sounds to be recorded and the only opening on thatsidc is through the. hell or mouth-piece O conducting the sound to the center of the diaphragm. All the interior surfaces are. made densely black inorder to absorb and prevent the reflection of any-light that may find its way insidc. Suitable openings or doors are provided wherever" necessary for giving access to the diil'erent parts which may he arranged to suit the convenience of the operl I ator. llns cal-e aboutthc light is required more especially while limiting the negat ve. For speakingpurposes, much less caution is needed. W'hen the apparatus is used to enable-one light to control another and stronger. one", the former IS thrown upon,

the other sid'e'of diaphragm cl which controls the light Z. as illustrated In Fig.20, where a rcperly varied beam. of {l i ht from the eftinay act uponone suie'c the diaphragm (l, which. hen varies the light coming front Lhy means of the mirror shown attached to its right side. of course, control such light also by the usual shutter, or other devices, before de scribed. '0 and O' are mouth-pieces or openings, one on each side. \Yllien the inslirumexlit' used {fir speakingl or i a'ing m a. urge 1a or in a open an, thesdilnd, even it much louder than the. originnl.-- will'hccome inaudible at a distance from the phonograph. If desired to extend the a ran orer which the speech, music,

or other sound will be heard, it can be done.

It can, 7

- of the circle w--w, where it is shown as re- I and to any extent by taking sounds off from different portions of the negative or strip at the same time. For example, if the music is in'distinc 'tly *"heard at a distance {of 1100..

feet from'the phonograph, I reinforce'it "so as to be as loud as at the instrument itself by. taking the sound off from the negative strip through a second slit bclowthe other.

\Ve know that sound travels 'inair about 1100 feet per second. It would be heard atadistance of'100 feetor l/llsecond later than atthe instrument. In order to send one fresh sound and have it arrive there at the same time as the original sound so that'there may be no interference between the weakened original sound and the power-.

ful'new sound, but both may join and coincide we take the new sound from the strip 1/11 second later than the original. If the strip travels eleven inchesper second, we simply adjust. the second slit m just one inch below the other m, Figs. 14, 22, 23, 24,

arrange the light to shine through both slits at once, rpceive the light from m upon a selenium bar orbars, conduct the current to. thepoint where the sound needs reinforcing, and there convert-it into-sound by one of my telephones or any other suitable arrangement. It. vis evident that any given .part of the strip will pass the slit m 1/11 extended over as large an area as desired and inall directions so as to be erfectlyheard in every part. One selenium ar is capable'o'f carrying a number of difl'erent curanalogous apparatus and eac similarly and simultaneously acted on .by

.spondingly by the. seleniumbar or cell.

rents at once, each one sufliciently'power ful to operate a loud-speakin telephone or one will be the varying beam of light and-varied corre- Fig.

22 is a diagram of the arrangement and electrical connections.- ,The light which passes through the slit "m produces the first or original sound at the instrument or any central position preferred, as by a loud sound-producing apparatus atT. The light passing through the next slit m acts upona selenium or other current-controlling -de vice and sends out currents which will reinforce the original sound at the distance, say,

inforced at three difl'erentpoints in that circle. .'These second sounds are reinforced. at

the next stage or circle :0 m, at as many desired 'minuteness different points as desiredshownas four by currents produced by the light which passes through' the third slit m and acts upon a' current-controlling devicei; p

through which'flow the currents which notuate the sound-producing apparatus. at the stations 1, 2, 3, 4. I j a The current from the cell at the second slit m is shown as, passed through theprimary wire of aninduction 0011 I, the secondary coil of which sends an induced current through the different sound-producin appa1-atus shown as arranged to be one actuated by a dlvlsion of the current. The entire current may, of course, be sent through all the instruments .in succession. So also can a single current from the cell 79 be sent through all the instruments in, the circle m m'mstead of arranging a separate current for each, and controlling all of the currents by the cell p ,.as shown.

5, 6, 7, 8, are. the )oints where the two circuits are divided into branch circuits;

but the main circuits need not be divided. at all, but eachone may extend to and connect directly with the cell 11 or coil I. I Any suitable electrical connections and any suitable .form of currentsmay be employed aswell understood by electricians. For. such purposes, a slider or composer is;

arranged in the. partition S, Figs. 10? and 22, havingthe slit m at the top and others arranged at the desired distances below. A separate gslider "can-be inserted for any new modification in the distances to be allowed I for. If great accuracy is required in'meeting some special case, the slits maybe formed in movable pieces, which can be ad justed to and from m by. screws with any as shown in Figs. 23 and 24. In the iormer the slide S' has marksfalong its edges for adjusting the.

position of the pieces carrying the. slits 1 which; are then securedby' the, screws as} shown. In Fig. 24 the slitted pieces are] adjusted to and'from-m by screws th'rou h their ends held by a ridge level with t e slit m. When the currents are to. be sent I to a distance or not to be heard s'imultaneously no such ca-re' is needed, 'but anyde-h.

sired number of. slits can be used, and at any convenient .distance a art, each WIthits'seleniumor analogous. evice,1and each selenium can-conductand j the number of separate currentsfthat may ative indefinitely.

control anum- I ber of separate currents thus 'multiplyingbe simultaneously taken of one strip or neg- In Fig.15 several slits are shownthroughthe. partition orf slider S. The bottom one throws its light on a lens which conc'en'-- trates it toa focus on a selenium cell, as shown, which is connected with a telephone v by the conducting wiresas usual. The next or by opening the circuit.

it in position.

one above throws the light upon the lens or other-device p, which spreads or causes it to properly cover the diaphra speaking. The twoslits above illuminate tw'o selenium bars, with their conducting wires for-sendin the currents to different instruments or At the top is shown the arrangementfor speaking by reflected light. The slits may be arranged and used in any manner desired.

Instead of using the lights from the different slits for difi'crent purposes, as shown, the slits may all have selenium bars or cells behind them, or the lights passing throu h them may be utilized for any purposes e- Each bar or cell should be so inclosed as to protect it from all light except what comes to. it through its slit. When any selenium is not wanted for use, its slit can be covered with a slide, as in Fig. 10,, where only the central slit is used while makin a negative or pattern, the slits above and ielow that being closed by their slides. In Fig. 22 the slit m is shown withfits slide in position ready to be shoved down and cover the slit, or the selenium merely disconnected from the line or conducting wires, When quite a. number of slits are to be nsedat once, they may be arranged in a. curve with the light in the center and the paper-strip rest on a curved glass surface to support it and keep "lhis curved form of slider is seen in Fig.22. In this case the side of the stri i which carries the image should be outsii eto avoid rubbing it'ovcr the glass. it will. therefore, be seen that I can at the same timeficonvert the forms recorded on the, negative into sounds and transmit them elsewhere; I can transmit them to any desired number, of places simultaneously; or

i can take all the sounds any desired num her of times and reproduce them with any desired intervals of time between the sucressive series .or rcpetitionsof the sounds, signals, or other phenomena: which are being reprmlaced, or I can convert the vary ing light which passes through into any desired number of correspondingly varying electric currents, each having any dcsi strength, and each-of which can be utilized 1' or any desired purpose,

} lly. arranging the diaphragm d,- or shutter 8, tube operated manually, feeding the strip slowly and vibrating the shutter. in

a manner similar to that used in sending the ordinary Morse si alswith. the ordinary key, the result wou dbc a strip like Fig. 16,

with transparent lines across it. The-shut tor can,; of course, be achudlyarranged on a sort of key. and be vibrated manually before tlleslit mto interceptthc light propcrly. Fig,' 31shows thisdevice adapted for incense D for producing alternating currents. The parts as p a and a are opaque, the rest of the shutter transparent. The blnckbodies r and 1" represent the two sections of the slit m. which are normall covered or protected by the opaque portions 8 and 8'. But when the key l K is operated to movefthe shutter to the right it uncovers the section 1', and vice versa, thus producing the pattern precisely as already descfibcd, only it is now done manually instead of automatically. By'ar- 7'5 ranging the shutter like Figs. 5 and 32, to be moved in both directions from the center and to dili'erent distances for the diiferent letters or signals, a. strip like Fig. 17 would be made. Fig. 32 shows the key or lever K- so for moving the shutter,

the proper distances being indicated by the scale 1;. The springs 31 3 keep it normally in its central position and when moved to either side it uncovers one of the sections of the slit m. precisely as 1 described for Fig. 31 and the farther the key is turned on its central pivot the more of the slits or openings are mioovercd by the shutter and the greater the length of the beam of light allowed to pass the sensitive surfaces behind the slit. Or the pattern strip could he mnehcd out or otherwise produced by hano in the manner now practised for them sentinstead to anotherphonograph or to one of my telephones or other a paratus, as sliown at El in Fig. 33, where is the pattern or strip moving past the-sl t min the partition, S, nude and lr"represent the two sections of it-each section, when lighted, sending a current of opposite polarity through the circuit. When'the speed is so great that thesounds or signals are unintelligible to the station they may eye orcsr at the receiving 7 first be recorded by one of -my phonograp'hs and thenegativesovpre mred be then run through another phonograph, (or 'tele' phone), at the ordinary speed. the line wire can be utilized to itsutmost .capacity' -in speed for conveying the sages which may require a number ofjnstrm ments to afterward s weak or deliver them in conducted through the scleninms and so todificrcnt points;

through to 90 automatic telegraphingf Such a strip prepared in either way can then 95 bars or strips loo the slit with the sectional 1 1$ cuncnt-eontrollhig device arranged behind V thensual manner. veralcurrcnts maybe v Fig. 18 represents the arrangement for transmitting signals by said strips with a the length of the two selenium bars p .in proportion to the -it., When light each the line In an opposite direction, and their resistances are such that nocurrent (or a very slight one) flows through either of them as long as they are kept in the dark. But immediately that the negative strip ad'-v mits light to either bar, its resistance is lessened and the current flows through that bar to the line or to the primary coil of'an inductorium which sends the induced current to line or to any other device as the case may bethe strength of the current being thereby exposed to the light. The electrical connections are, Fig. 33, or they may be arranged in' any other suitable or well-known manner. The

longer the transparent part of the strip or 2 signal, the more of the bar is lighted up, and the stronger the current which flows through same effect is produced but the current is sent thro h the line or circuit in the o ppi .Y

site direction-all of which will be 'rea comprehended and eifected byelectriclans. My method and apparatus for, producing pattern strips and electric currents are, therefore, peculiarly adapted for automatic automatic telephony-11s., transmitting telelatter, I believe, is something hitherto-un known. 7V

:opaque strip, as shown in Fi strips, as'well as those before instead of by the original sounds-which -When negativeby means of a shutter like the upper one in Fig. 5, they'will appear on the. .19.. These wcribeih can read b passing them along under a properly 'mar ed scale, .the'direction and dificrent distances from the central line indicating the 1 di flerent letters.

If this strip is fed the signs scribed and teleph I v lit should be understoodthat my telephone Is an instrument ca variety of telegraphmg mg and fort-mar will be transmitted as above dereceived in the 'same way by my length of the; bar,

as more fully shown in the other bar is illuminated the and they can be often and as far as ordinary converting the forms or signals into corresponding variations in Fig. 34 illustrates one way telegraphy as well as I manipulated bythe pattern onic messages by means of such records original, current r'signals arerecorded on. the .sent over the line.

L my phonographl' in through thepho'nog'raph at'the proper speed one or any other suitable instrument. art of telegraphy.

ble' of: use *forevery as well as telephonp purposes; f Signals consisting of ciphers or arbitrary characters of any kmd which may be unknown to any graph to destination where they can be correctly received and printed either by my telephone or phonograph. And it will be observed that the most secretsignals can be thus sent and received without the possibility of a mistake during transmission for thereason that the operators have nothing to do with the transmission except to keep the mechanism in order-the whole of the work being done automatically by the phonograph.

By having several operators sound their messages into the diaphragm d of the phonograph at once, but each in a diiferent tone, the whole of them will be recorded on the negative in one composite sound wave or curve, which will then be transmitted by the phonograph as one message over the line.

As my phonograph can convert all kinds of sounds into currents as strong as are used 'in any of the ordinary systems of signal telegraphing, and as certainly as the usual signals are sent and much farther than it will transmit speech as far has before been practicable. And as my ate with currents of such strength as would be totally unsuited phones and microphones, it can be connected in the circuit or at the end of the line from thephonograph in any well-known or suitable way and the then transmit, rela andsend on sounds in the same way as is now done in signaling,

so repeated and sent on as telegraphic signals can-be wh1cl1 also is a result never before accomplished, so far as I am aware. of embodying this arrangement. The current, after being P and the controlling device p flows through the primary w re of the induction coil I,'whose secondary w1re sends a current to line. But the om El represent my telephomc apparatus used for the translatmg or repeating telephonic and phonographic or currents till the final i reproduced as sound by the telephone T or otherwise utilized.

stage, where they are Batteries may be inserted in the different stages, if desired. 'In-short,by'the use of connection with my ftelephone I not only raise telephony to the same level with other branches of telegraphmg but I make a great advance in the whole But that is not all that V By suitably a the ex- P81181011 wires 0 hragmd ofthey can do.

the phonograph instead of to its own diaphragm d myphonographwill or complicated for the ordinary telecombined apparatus can telephone can opermy teleph ne to the dia make negatives of the sounds or signals transmitted to it over the line in connection with the telephone.

shown in Fig. 21 (also in Fig. 3?). The telephone is designated by El, the base. of which slides in the cleats t t to the position shown by the dotted lines at its ends. c n are the suspension wires running to the. cross piece a which is attached to the diaphrafrm a! whieh is earried by the: baseof the telephone and, 'wnsequently, moves with the finding posts at the other ends of the wires c a when the-diaphragm and shutter are to be moved back out of th \\'ay.thus avoiding any disarrangement of the telephonie adjustments thereby. g is the armature car rind by the wires with its shutter, Z is. the light and r is the ourrent e-outrolling devlee belonging to the telephone. '1 is the telephone, .telegraphie.instrument, or other apparatus whirh transmits sounds, eleetrieal impulses. or signals from a distance to the telephonic devices El by means of which those influenres are enabled to actuate the phonograph and produce records or patterns thereof as alrnuly described. The

same apparatus El eanyofcourse, be emplayed for transmitting messages, etc., as well as for rereiving'tlwm. The ihonbgraph' can, therefore, remain in the olliee and the speech. music, or signals be transmitted to it by telephone for reeordfaml preservation.-

All messagw, either rereired' or transmitted, whether in sounds or signals, can be thus recorded and the record be either preserved or used for repeating the. messages without a possibility of error in so doing. Such a. record will boas positireproof of theexaet tenor ofthe message. sent or received in any court as a photograpl recording any event or scene.

sound is to A last will or testament, or a dying ma'ns de msltion, or statements, may be perfectly IBl'lbl'tlP-(l and when; needed for evidenee, they ran he fliprodueed exactly as originally spoken, and then by using a stronger light oreurrent oan herepeatod as loudly as de-' sired without altering a single tone'or modulation of the words. By using a sensitive diaphragm or telephone in connection with a light sounds ordinarily inaudible may clearly recorded and reproduced identical in everyrespeet exeept that of being louder and this strengthening of the jsoundsi may be rarried to any extent desired,

as hereinhefore fnllyexplained.

When the phonograplnis driven by an artificial niotor,-it is arranged with a eateh is lifted out when any or sto piemnrhieh i be reeorded and droppedagam to stop the motor and strip when done. as shown in Figs. 35 and 36, where the belt B .eonvey's motive. force from any suitable driving mechanism or motor-turning a. pulleyon-the shaft of the This arrangement is to lift the latch L whenever a eurreut is sent to the phonograph 1 eisely when either one became the stronger,

down over the rollers It R, a s previous] y explained. O the same shaft as A and mo\'- m" with it isthe notched wheel 17; and His a nteh which is drawn down by the spring 1 and eatohesin the stop-wheel exeept when prevented. 'As ion as L is held up the negative strip P will be fed onto the roller A" by the aetion of the belt ll; but when L drops, a pawl upon it eatehes into the stop wheel 1) and arrests the meehanism. 'lhe latrh may be raised and dropped manually or automatically. The figures show an arr.-mgementwhieh may 'ope'ate both ways. In Fig. 35 an eleetromagnet M is arranged through it and is in the circuit of a suitable battery and a selenium cell 7 arranged at the edge of the slit m and so plared that it is normally proteeted from the light by the shutter s. But when the. shutter vilu'aies. it exposes pit-o the light from Z; the current than flows through the eireuit; and the ma gnet M lifts the lateh- L, liberating the dri\'-. ing mechanism which thereupon feeds the negatirestri') past the slit at until the sound or otliei-"inl uenee ieeasesf The latch L is then dropped by the shutter 'eeasing to \'i lu'ate and thereby shutting the light from p= and stopping the current through the ma 'net, In Fig. 36 is the arrangement n sound current or signal istrausmitted the armature q vibrates and a light lever g at taehed to it will lift the latrh L and keep it vout of the note-hes as longas the armature 7' continues to vibrate. Either of these ar- \J range-merits may be used whereby the sound itself will release the motor and so feed the. negative along as long as the sound e011- tinues, and stop it when the sound ceases, Such arrangements are in use for other purposes and any suitable one may be employed in connection with my phonograph. With this arrangement the phonograph can be used for many purposes otherwise impracticableflt can even-be setup in any room or place and left by itself and will record whatever sounds or'messages-there are as 1 long as the 'negativeor motor continues unexhausted. This is also. a useful arrangemnt Lfor telegrophing purposes, as it eontinuesto not while dispensing for a time with the presence of the operator. 126

When the expansion wires of the telephone are connected with the diaphragm (l 'otthe phonograph, as before referred to, the negative can'record not only sounds but variations in the direetiou andv strength of electric currents or in theattractive power of magnets or changes of temperature. it will also record the comparative strength of two different electric el'irrents, showing preo which, and how much It will record changes in the intensity of light and in fine,

it will record all the phenomena. which'the original strength, but amplifiedor strength- 2 narilybe the best wa 5 the light from Z varied by the shutter on d from Z which, thus m fied, are

ened without otherwise changing them;

For some purposes, it may be advisable, while making the negative, to substitute that with its slit m for-the selenium "devices of the telephone and record the variations of the light as they are produced, as shown at in Fig. 37. For instance, the negative could be substituted in place of the cell 0'' in Fig. 21, and record the variations of the light Z produced by the vibrations of the armature g with its shutter. This arrangement is more fully shown in F ig. 37, where the strip P is seen arranged behind the slit m and exposed to the light from Z, which is varied by the shutters. This will ordifor strengthening light pulsations. as t e vibrations of the shutter on the armature are much more ample than those of the s utter on the diaphragm d under the action of the same sound, current or other influence. .One way of doing this is ilhistratedin Fig. 37, where is thrown onthe selenium cell p, and the current thus produced is let through the -therm l wiresic a of the tele hone causin 85 I]; P a g a co 'derable increase .in'the vibration of the armature g with its shutter s. This ro-' times more marked variations in the lightstrengthened or amplithen recorded on, the negative strip P.

' ,There are very many other uses for which I my apparatus .may be employed, but it is of my process because they v -.ofuseinthe processas vention or process has not for one ofits obunnecessary to enumerate them, as the directions herein given will enable those versedin photogr phy, electricity and acoustics, to practise any of them.

It will, of course, be understood that I do, A.

not confine myself to the precise details of the construction or arrangement of my ap- 'paratus as herein set forth, for there are many waysin which they may be modified without changing or departing from the principles of my invention. I anraware that it is not new to produce photographic impressions of telegraphic messages arriving 'over a} line, such impressions not being capable or reproducing said messages again. Such a process is merely one way of printing the telegraphic messages received, but

such prints are of no value-for the purposes are not capable patterns? My injects to merely print the telegraphic mes-f received, but the production bymeans not claim a light which had previousl of electrical impulses of, patterns -or de- -vices which are adapted to reproduce such impulses whenever desired. I, therefore, do

proce$ for printing telegraphic messages by photography, which has for its object -and result the production of prints that haveno function, use, or value, except as copies of the messages received and so printed as aforesaid. Fig '38 shows the general arrangement of When in use the works are shut in by tight 15' the apparatus in more detail than Fig. 10.

doors, as in Fig. 45, where O isthe mouth piece through which vocal or other sounds are thrown on the diaphragm D. Thls mouth piece may be a deep bell-shaped cavity directly over-the diaphragm. or be fitted to the face and be connected by a tube ending over the diaphragm. The 'efl'ect is -much increased by having the mouth piece fit closely to the. face of the speaker. El represents an electrical apparatus capable of vibrating the diaphragm D when a telephonic, telegraphic or'other suitable current is passed through it and thereby vibrating the shutter s placed in the pathof the beam of radiant rays from I here shown as an'electric lamp,-.and thus varying said ,beam .inaccordance with the extent and character of its own movements. The beam thus varied is in the first instance thrown 7 upon the sensitized strip P fed down fromreel A over guide roller R before the openmg or slitm on to anotherreel A; The

strip having been properlytreated to bring out and fix the image thus obtained and render it suitable for use asa described, it is again and its end hooked to reel A'.' Theca'pparatus El is movedhack far enough to take pattern, as'before' wound upon reel A which then pass through the negative and are varied thereby ously varied by the shutter s, after which they fall upon a selenium cell or other suitable hpparatus p, plained; 1 7

Fig. 39 is a horizontal section through the lenses l, alum cell2, shutter s,cylmdrical a long the opening m to strip P.. The set-screws t t adjust the forward t on apparatus E2 to ring the'shutter a all as, heretofore nes H of Fig. 38, showjn gthe'light and sition of the blohlr' i no to the rightpoint. p is a smallselenium 1Q cell which serves to automatically start of as they had been previi no 1 lens P hich converges the light laterally to narrow streak where it passes through the strip P when the phenomenon which is to be recorded. The shutter a caused to vibrate, as already stated, andthereby uncovers the cell p, allowingthe the shutter to fall upon i sent through the been stoppedby' e cell and by in creasing its conductivity an electric impulse starting magnet M.. 9:

10a" shutter 8 out oLthe beam of radiant rays- 

